What are the new features of java-11?

On September 2018, Oracle released a new version of Java as Java-11. Following are the new features of java-11.

Java 11 is Long term support (LTS) after java 8. Oracle stopped supporting Java 8 in January 2019. As a consequence, a lot of us will upgrade to Java 11.

We will explore new features, removed features, and performance enhancements introduced in Java 11.

  1. New String Methods: New methods are added to the String class.
  • isBlank(): This will check if the string is blank. It will return true if the string is blank.
  • strip(): This will Return a string whose value is this string, with all leading and trailing white space removed.
  • stripLeading(): Returns a string whose value is this string, with all leading white space removed.
  • stripTrailing(): Returns a string whose value is this string, with all trailing white space removed.
  • lines(): This will return a stream of lines extracted from this string, separated by line terminators.
  • repeat(): Returns a string whose value is the concatenation of this string repeated count times. If this string is empty or the count is zero then the empty string is returned.
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = “”, str2 = ” “, str3 = ” ab d “;

// 1. isBlank()
System.out.println(“—- 1. isBlank() —-“);
System.out.println(“str1 is blank: ” + str1.isBlank());
System.out.println(“str2 is blank: ” + str2.isBlank());
System.out.println(“str3 is blank: ” + str3.isBlank());

// 2. strip()
System.out.println(“—- 2. strip() —-“);
System.out.println(“str1.strip():-” + str1.strip()+”-:”); // blank
System.out.println(“str2.strip():-” + str2.strip()+”-:”); // blank
System.out.println(“str3.strip():-” + str3.strip()+”-:”); // ab d

// 3. stripLeading
System.out.println(“—- 3. stripLeading() —-“);
System.out.println(“str1.strip():-” + str1.stripLeading()+”-:”);
System.out.println(“str2.strip():-” + str2.stripLeading()+”-:”);
System.out.println(“str3.strip():-” + str3.stripLeading()+”-:”);

// 4. stripTrailing
System.out.println(“—- 4. stripTrailing() —-“);
System.out.println(“str1.strip():-” + str1.stripTrailing()+”-:”);
System.out.println(“str2.strip():-” + str2.stripTrailing()+”-:”);
System.out.println(“str3.strip():-” + str3.stripTrailing()+”-:”);

// 5. lines()
System.out.println(“—- 5. lines() —-“);
String str = “ugtworld \r test \n this is next line”;
Stream<String> lines = str.lines();
lines.forEach(a -> System.out.println(a.strip()));

// 6. repeat()
System.out.println(“—- 6. repeat() —-“);
String val = “ABCD”;
System.out.println(val.repeat(2));
}
}
Output:
—- 1. isBlank() —-
str1 is blank: true
str2 is blank: true
str3 is blank: false
—- 2. strip() —-
str1.strip():–:
str2.strip():–:
str3.strip():-ab d-:
—- 3. stripLeading() —-
str1.strip():–:
str2.strip():–:
str3.strip():-ab d -:
—- 4. stripTrailing() —-
str1.strip():–:
str2.strip():–:
str3.strip():- ab d-:
—- 5. lines() —-
ugtworld
test
this is next line
—- 6. repeat() —-
ABCDABCD

  1. New File Methods:
  • new readString() and writeString(), and isSameFile() methods are added to read, write and check if the file path is same.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String path = “”;
File file1 = new File(“testfile.txt”); // testfile.txt will be created in current dir.
Path filePath = Paths.get(“”, “”, “testfile.txt”);

// 1. writeString() – to write
Files.writeString(filePath, “This is ugtworld.com”);

// 2. readString() – to read
String fileContent = Files.readString(filePath);
System.out.println(fileContent);

// 3. isSameFile() – to check whether two paths locate the same file or not.
System.out.println(Files.isSameFile(filePath, Path.of(“testfile.txt”)));
}
}
Output:
This is ugtworld.com
true

  1. Collection to an Array:
  • By using toArray() we can create an array from a collection object.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(“DKS”);
list.add(“KJM”);
list.add(“KJD”);
list.add(“BBH”);
list.add(“PCY”);

String[] strArr = list.toArray(String[]::new);
System.out.println(strArr[3]+ “, ” + strArr[4]);
}
}
Output:
op
BBH, PCY

  1. var keyword for Lambda:
  • we can now use the var keyword inside the lambda function.
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;


public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(“DKS”);
list.add(“KJM”);
list.add(“KJD”);
list.add(“BBH”);
list.add(“PCY”);

String resultString = list.stream()
.map((@Nonnull var x) -> x.toLowerCase())
.collect(Collectors.joining(“, “));
System.out.println(resultString);
}
}
Output:
dks, kjm, kjd, bbh, pcy

  1. not() method for Predicate: 
  • As shown below now we can perform the not operation on the predicate.
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;


public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(23,54,21,34,56,43,26,98,57);
List<Integer> evenList = list.stream()
.filter(a -> a % 2 == 0)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
List<Integer> oddList = list.stream()
.filter(Predicate.not(a -> a % 2 == 0))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(“evenList: ” + evenList);
System.out.println(“oddList: ” + oddList);
}
}
Output:
evenList: [54, 34, 56, 26, 98]
oddList: [23, 21, 43, 57]

  1. Running Java Files: 
  • Previously we need to compile a java file with the ‘javac’ command and then run the file via the command line. 
  • From java 11 we can directly compile and run the file at same time as shown in below image.
  1. Pattern Recognizing Methods: 
  • asMatchPredicate(): This method is similar to Java 8 method asPredicate(). Introduced in JDK 11, this method will Create a predicate that tests if this pattern matches a given input string.
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = “ugtworld”;
Predicate t = Pattern.compile(str)
.asMatchPredicate();
System.out.println(t.test(“ugtworld”));
System.out.println(t.test(“ugt”));
}
}
Output:
true
false

  1. Epsilon(No-Op) Garbage Collector:
  • A new garbage collector called Epsilon is available for use in Java 11.
  • It’s called a No-Op (no operations) because it allocates memory but does not actually collect any garbage.
  • Hence Epsilon is applicable for simulating out of memory errors.
  • This can be useful for Performance testing, memory pressure testing, VM interface testing, and extremely short-lived jobs.
  1. TimeUnit Conversion
  • This is used to convert the given time to a unit like DAY, MONTH, YEAR, and for time.
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“Days: ” + TimeUnit.DAYS.convert(Duration.ofHours(48)));
System.out.println(“Minutes: ” + TimeUnit.MINUTES.convert(Duration.ofHours(48)));
System.out.println(“Seconds: ” + TimeUnit.SECONDS.convert(Duration.ofHours(48)));
}
}
Output:
Days: 2
Minutes: 2880
Seconds: 172800

Removed Features and Options:

  • appletviewer Launcher
  • com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities Class
  • Java Deployment Technologies
  • JavaFX from the Oracle JDK
  • JEP 320 Remove the Java EE and CORBA Modules
  • JMC from the Oracle JDK
  • JVM-MANAGEMENT-MIB.mib
  • Lucida Fonts from Oracle JDK
  • Oracle JDK’s javax.imageio JPEG Plugin No Longer Supports Images with alpha
  • SNMP Agent
  • sun.locale.formatasdefault Property
  • sun.misc.Unsafe.defineClass
  • sun.nio.ch.disableSystemWideOverlappingFileLockCheck Property
  • Thread.destroy() and Thread.stop(Throwable) Methods

Deprecated Features and Options 

  • Deprecate -XX+AggressiveOpts
  • Deprecate Stream-Based GSSContext Methods
  • JEP 335 Deprecate the Nashorn JavaScript Engine
  • JEP 336 Deprecate the Pack200 Tools and API
  • Obsolete Support for Commercial Features
  • ThreadPoolExecutor Should Not Specify a Dependency on Finalization

-A blog by Shwetali Khambe

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